The Complete Guinea Pig Nutrition Guide: What to Feed for Optimal Health

Proper nutrition is the foundation of guinea pig health. These adorable cavies have specific dietary needs that, when met, ensure a long, healthy, and happy life. Understanding what to feed your guinea pig—and what to avoid—is essential for every responsible pet owner.

The Foundation: Unlimited Hay

Timothy hay should make up 80% of your guinea pig's diet and be available at all times. Hay is crucial for dental health, as guinea pigs' teeth grow continuously throughout their lives. It also provides essential fiber for proper digestive function. Other suitable hays include orchard grass, meadow hay, and oat hay. Alfalfa hay should only be given to young, pregnant, or nursing guinea pigs due to its high calcium content.

Fresh Vegetables: Daily Essentials

Guinea pigs require about one cup of fresh vegetables per day. Leafy greens should form the majority: romaine lettuce, green leaf lettuce, cilantro, parsley, and bell peppers are excellent choices. Bell peppers are particularly valuable as they're high in vitamin C, which guinea pigs cannot produce on their own.

Vitamin C Requirements

Guinea pigs need 10-50mg of vitamin C daily, depending on age and health status. While pellets may be fortified with vitamin C, it degrades quickly. Fresh vegetables high in vitamin C—like bell peppers, kale, and broccoli—are the best sources. Some owners supplement with vitamin C tablets designed for guinea pigs.

Pellets: Quality Over Quantity

Provide 1/8 cup of high-quality, timothy-based pellets daily per guinea pig. Choose pellets specifically formulated for guinea pigs (not rabbits or other rodents) that are fortified with vitamin C. Avoid pellets with added seeds, nuts, or colored pieces, as these are unnecessary and can lead to selective feeding.

Treats and Foods to Avoid

Safe treats include small amounts of fruits like strawberries, blueberries, or apple slices (no seeds). Limit fruits to 1-2 times per week due to sugar content. Never feed guinea pigs chocolate, dairy products, meat, processed foods, or foods high in starch like potatoes or beans. Iceberg lettuce should also be avoided as it has little nutritional value and can cause digestive upset.

Fresh Water Always

Provide unlimited fresh water in a bottle or heavy ceramic bowl. Change water daily and clean containers regularly to prevent bacterial growth.

Feeding Schedule and Habits

Guinea pigs are grazers and should have constant access to hay. Provide fresh vegetables once or twice daily, removing uneaten portions after a few hours. Pellets can be given once daily. Establish a routine, as guinea pigs thrive on consistency and will often wheek excitedly when they hear you preparing their meals.

Signs of Good Nutrition

A well-fed guinea pig has a shiny coat, bright eyes, consistent weight, and produces regular droppings. They should be active and alert. Any changes in eating habits or droppings warrant a veterinary visit, as guinea pigs can decline rapidly when ill.

By providing the right balance of hay, vegetables, pellets, and vitamin C, you'll ensure your guinea pig lives a healthy, vibrant life full of happy wheeks and popcorning.